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3.0 KiB
3.0 KiB
设备TCP栈调优操作记录
目标:根据本地带宽动态调整TCP接收/发送缓冲区,使其能容纳带宽延迟积(BDP)。
1. 环境信息收集
1.1 基础硬件与系统信息
# 设备型号
cat /tmp/sysinfo/model
# 内核版本
uname -r
# 总内存
grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo
1.2 当前TCP参数快照
sysctl net.ipv4.tcp_rmem \
net.ipv4.tcp_wmem \
net.core.rmem_max \
net.core.wmem_max \
net.ipv4.tcp_congestion_control \
net.core.netdev_max_backlog
1.3 网络链路与带宽测试
- 查看WAN口速率(替换
<wan口>为实际接口名,如eth0):ethtool <wan口> | grep -i speed - 实测带宽(确保无代理干扰):
# 检查代理进程 ps | grep -E "openclash|mihomo" # 若存在代理,请先关闭;然后测速 speedtest --accept-license --format=json
1.4 检查BBR拥塞控制算法支持
cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_available_congestion_control
注意:若输出不包含
bbr,则后续配置保持cubic。
2. BDP计算与参数确定
2.1 计算公式
最大缓冲区(MB) ≈ 带宽(Mbps) × 0.125 × 最大RTT(秒)
即:带宽(Mbps) × 0.125 × (RTT_ms / 1000)
2.2 参数参考
| 场景 | 预估RTT | 推荐max值 |
|---|---|---|
| 本地网络 | ~30ms | 根据实测带宽计算 |
| 代理/国际链路 | ~150-200ms | 根据实测带宽计算 |
| 内存<1GB设备 | - | 固定16MB |
| 大内存服务器 | - | 可参考GCP建议最大64MB |
2.3 配置示例(16MB)
若计算后决定使用16MB上限:
cat > /etc/sysctl.d/90-tcp-tuning.conf <<'EOF'
net.core.rmem_max = 16777216
net.core.wmem_max = 16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 131072 16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 16384 16777216
net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 8192
net.ipv4.tcp_mtu_probing = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_fastopen = 3
net.ipv4.tcp_slow_start_after_idle = 0
EOF
3. 应用与验证
3.1 加载配置
# 应用配置文件(BusyBox使用-p参数)
sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/90-tcp-tuning.conf
3.2 验证生效
# 检查关键参数
sysctl net.ipv4.tcp_rmem net.core.rmem_max
3.3 本地环回吞吐测试
# 启动临时服务端(运行1次后退出)
iperf3 -s -1 &
# 客户端连接本机测试(3秒)
iperf3 -c 127.0.0.1 -t 3
目的:验证内核TCP栈本身是否正常。
4. 重要说明
- 开机自动加载:OpenWrt系统下,
/etc/init.d/sysctl会自动遍历/etc/sysctl.d/*.conf,无需额外设置。 - BBR支持:若内核不支持BBR,不添加
net.ipv4.tcp_congestion_control=bbr,保留默认cubic。 - 故障排查:外网测速慢时,请先排除:
- 代理软件(openclash/mihomo)劫持流量。
- 上游运营商或国际链路瓶颈。
- 配置回滚:如需恢复默认设置,只需:
rm /etc/sysctl.d/90-tcp-tuning.conf sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/90-tcp-tuning.conf # 或重启设备